German goldsmith and printer who is credited with inventing movable printing type in Europe abround 1439. 13. Powered by Quizlet.com. As the European society became more aware of their past during the 1400's/Renaissance, the emphasis on life began to shift from religious to hedonist/humanist values.A family of skilled politicians and patrons of the arts who lived in Florence, Italy, during the Renaissance. (Highly contrary to the popular thinking before the renaissance)Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe(1478-1535) Englishman, lawyer, politician, Chancellor for Henry VIII. Printer-friendly version; Register / Login. The 1920s and 1930s, shaped by the results of World War I. Alexander Kerensky. Under their "rule/ influence" emerged eminent artists such as Michelangelo and Brunelleschi.This was the new style of literature that focused on the daily lives and adventures of a common person(secular). Alexander Kerensky: Leader of the provisional government in Russia after the fall of the tsar; kept Russia in WWI and resisted major reforms; overthrown by Bolsheviks at the end of 1917. Stalin's plans industrialized/improved economic conditions for the country as a wholeU.S stock market crash in October 1929, monetary and fiscal problems that escalated into a international catatstropheelected in 1932, won by a landslide (since no one voted for the dominant political party)main idea was to destroy the will of the individual in favor of "the people", wanted an unified society, extreme nationalismfounder and leader of the first fascist state, created the National Fascist Party in 1919paid by the National Fascist Party, these squads fought socialist and communist organizationsconservative democrat republic that was accepted after the revolt and abdication of the emperorrose to power in the 1920's, influenced by Mussolini, ushered in by the worldwide depressionthe Weimar Republic's elected body, its solutions were rejected by the German peoplerose to power as the head of the Nazi party, inspired by Mussolini's extreme nationalism with a super anti-semitic twistthis is what Hitler called his fascist government, while having his eyes set on conquering Europeafter democracy fell apart after the monarchy in 1936, a group of army officers under this man took control of large parts of Spain, he was not necessarily fascist, though he had both German and Italian supporta region west of the Rhine River that had been taken away from Germany after WWI, Hitler took this back in 1935 (part of his campaign in restoring Germany to its former glory)conference which included Hitler, Mussolini, and Neville Chamberlain and the effects were that Hitler was given Sudetenland in order for him to cease expansionist activitiesprime minister of Britain at the time of the meeting of the Munich Conference of 1938means of avoiding war by giving and giving, assuming the satisfaction of the other party once received their shareGermans signed in August of 1939, Stalin and Hitler agreed that Germany would not invade the Soviet Union if the Soviets stayed out of the Germans' military affiarsin 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria and established this colony called Manchuckuoafter withdrawing from the League of Nations, Japan signed this with Germany in 1936 (against communism specifically in Russia) Wrote Utopia which presented a revolutionary view of society, in which the problems of society were caused by greed. This style was a response to Romanticism's supernaturalism and over-emphasis on emotion. Stated that the public can gain salvation through solely the bible, getting rid of the church's importance as a middleman to heaven.A piece of paper that the Catholic church sold in the 16th century to fund their building projects. Helped raise expectations of morality for the clergy.Led the counter reformation, and succeeded in stopping the southward spread of Protestantism.Alexandrian astronomer who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until Copernicus (2nd century AD)Developed Calculus in order to help prove the Theories of Copernicus, Galileo, and the Heliocentric theory. Leads to extensive colonialism.way a society changed because it was exposed to in a different way of doing things when it interacted with another culturebasic tools and developments before the neolithic revolutioncomposed of small groups of people who traveled from point to point as the climate and the availability of plants and animals dictated; dependent on nature for subsistence; limited by the capacity of their surroundingscharacterized by the domestication of animals; no settlement; small scale agriculture; extended family; slight gender division;transition period of nomadic lifestyles to agricultural lifestyles; still relatively small groups and communities as townsagriculture, animal domestication, food surplus, settlement, cultural unity, propertymoving around versus staying put; home feeling; newcomer as intruder3 main difference between agricultural and nomadic societiesinvention of this led to additional surpluses in agricultural societieskey to the developement of a civilization from an agricultural societylinking innovation to bring villages together to create citiessource of food, clothing, and agricultural labor during the first era of developementsignificant technological advance of the neolithic eraharder metal that was a combination of copper and tindiscovery of this metal right after the agricultural era superceded all metalsgovernment of early civilizations; which were made up with an urban center and the agricultural land under its control; independent yet competitionone main difference of the tigris-euphrates river valley that caused canals and dikes to be paid attention to in ancient mesopotamiasumer, akkad, babylon, kassites, hittites, assyrians, chaldeans, persialist of early river valley mesopotamian civilizations in ordermajor development of the neolithic era that facilitated trade and transportation12 moth calendar, math system based on 60, geometry; advancements which apply to which civilizationthe powerhouse of mesopotamia that overthrew the akkadiansfirst law code of civilizations; made in babylon; distinguished between major and minor offensespeople who followed the kassites in ancient mesopotamia2 main attributes of the hittites in ancient mesopotamiagroup that overthrew the hittites after learning their iron weapon technology through tradegroup that defeated the brutal assyrians and rebuilt babylon with a showplace of architecture and culutrethe group that took over ancient mesopotamia in the endtwo most important developements attributed to ancient mesopotamiaone continutiy of the various ancient mesopotamian groupspersian infrastructure developements that improved transportation and communincation in ancient mesopotamiaancient persian group that cmae up with coined money for trade rather than the barter systemancient persian group who established powerful naval city states in the mediterranean, and the alphabetancient persian group who came up with the first monotheistic religion and established israel; even though they were invaded, they kept their religious identityriver valley civilization around the nile river that was actually divide into a series of smaller townsone benefit of nile river having a predictable floodsfirst ruler of the ancient egyptians; that unified the civilization trying to concentrate on irrigationrulers of ancient egypt who directed the construction of obelisks and the pyramids, and tombsreligion and one major belief of the ancient egyptianshow the ancient Egyptians dealt with their belief in the afterlifefirst womab leader of ancient egypt; expanded trade expeditionspharoah, priests, nobles, merchants and artisans, peasantsancient river valley civilization partially cut off from the world in indiaindus valley civilization's connection to the outside worldurban, advanced irrigation; central government; polyhteisticsocial, technological, political and religiuos clues we were able to decipher from the indus valley civilizations by thier citiesimportant trade item of the indus valley civilizationsnomadic tribes from the caucasus mountains who came and conquered the indus river valley civilizationsreason the aryans were able to defeat the indus river valley civilizationreligion of the aryans that is based on polytheism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, and a caste systemsocial structure of the hindu stystem...mobility or no?reason shang dynasty thought themselves to be the center of the worldtendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups; practiced by shang china since they were isolatedimportant institute/belief of shang china; based of patriarchalismshang belief that the gods controlled all aspects of their lifes and they could call on the spirits of their dead ancestors to act as their advocates with the godsdynasty that ousted the shang dynasty, but maintained many of the traditions and customszhou established belief of emporere divinity and that heaven would grant the zhou power only as long as its rulers governed justly and wiselypolitical way of organizing government tasks by department so that the government could specialize and stabilizeearly spread of a language by nomads moving around africa and simultaneously adopting their culture; migration spurred by limatic changesfirst city of sub saharan africa that was urbanized but not centralized enough to be a civilizationancient mexican civilization that was urbanized, irrigated, had architecture, polytheistic, and a had a system of writing with a calculatorancient andean civilization that was urban, polytheistic, agricultural, access to the coast, metal tools and weaponsreason the early american civilizations were different than the other river valley civilizationsmayan belief that this was the exchange for good agricultural cycles with their godsunique part of mayan religion; and unique reason there was emphasisi on thisagricultural innovation/technological system of the mayansbrief conqueror of the persian and indian dynastiesindian empire that rose out of alexander the great near the ganges river insteadfounder of the mauryan dynasty that unified the smaller aryan kingdoms into a civilizationmauryan emperor that converted to and encouraged buddhismashoka's ethic system put forth in the mauryan dynastyinvaders of the gupta dynasty that led to its declinechinese classical dynasty that had strong agriculture, iron weapons, and a unified region with a single emperor after the decline of the zhoupublic works project of the qin dynasty that emphasizes the defenses of the qinthe first emperor that recentrralized all of the feudal kingdoms that split apart during the zhou decline; standardized everything, intolerant of dissentnomads/huns that threatened the han dynasty and even europethe warrior emperor of the han dynasty; that enlarged the hanone institution put forth in the han dynasty as a means of selecting the bureaucracypaper, sundials, calendars; technological advancements of the han dynastymost important contribution of the classical era of europe in greece and romeprohibited the ancient greece from big agricultural developementcity states of greece that eac shared a common culture and identitygovernment in which citizens were allowed to make civic decisions (in athens)two aristocrats who worked in athens to develop a democracyunited all greek city sates against their mutual enemy over territorytwo battles that the greek won to win control of the aegean sea from persiagreek ruler that established demoracy; rebuilt athens after its destruction of the persian war; and contributed to the golden agealliance of all the greek city staes against its common enemies; established by periclesfathers of rational thinking; three greek philosophers that belived that thetruth could be discerned from rational thought; and observation, virtue, and the quest for goodness would lead ti internal peace and happiness; FALSE BUT PROCESS WAS REVOLUTIONARYsparta vs greece war over corinth that resulted in a spartan victoryoutside influence that defeat both sparta and athens after they were weakened by the peloponnesian warleader of the macedonians that regined for about 20 years and invaded athens from the north and took over; kept existing culutremacedonian prince who was taught by aristotle and expanded the macedonian dominance into the persian empire and later into the indian empireantigonid (greece and macedon), ptolemaic (egypt), seleucid(bactria and anatolia)part of the classical roman republic that had the right to vetonaval power in classical north africa that was threat to romecarthage vs rome over the control of various terriitoriescarthaginian general that suprised attackied the romans and could have conquered them if he didnt have to go back to defend his home turfwhat aided the spread of the classical roman cutlure?one reason for the roman republic decline since it upset peasantsafter the senate collapsed the power of classical rome went to this type of political institutionjulius caesar tried to become the total emperor.

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