They were armed only with antiquated rifles and had not constructed any defensive works but laid mines on the only road. Massoud, who expected an attack similar to the previous ones, had disposed his defenses close to the entrance of the valley, and was thus unable to prevent the Soviets from gaining footholds in the Panjshir. The last Soviet and Afghan troops present in the lower Panjshir were finally evacuated in June 1988. Once a key base for the Mujahideen during the fight against the Soviet Union in the 1980’s and 90’s, the Valley - made its own province in 2004 - is now one of the most agriculturally productive regions in the country. These included: How has the author described the different famous landmarks of Afghanistan in relation to the plot of the story? The History Of Soweto Uprising History Essay, Emergence Of Turkish Nationalism History Essay, Unrestricted Capitalism In The Gilded Age History Essay, CustomWritings – Professional Academic Writing Service, Tips on How to Order Essay. I ran with the wind blowing in my face, and a smile as wide as the Valley of Panjsher on my lip. When Amir says, “I tried to keep my eyes glued to the snowcapped Hindu Kush on the north side,” (Hosseini 293) we can see the importance of direction he mentions (i.e. It is also important to note that the author has not only described Kabul, but has also mentioned cities that are relevant to the plot of the story. Much of the valley was occupied, but the Soviets paid a heavy price; many soldiers were killed by mines and in ambushes. Based on Khaled Hosseini’s international best-selling novel, is a powerful story has been adapted into a stunning new stage production. During this offensive, to avoid losing vehicles to land mines, the Soviets sent their sapper units to clear the way in front of the main force. [25] It seems likely that the reference to the '180th Motor Rifle Regiment' refers to the 682nd Motor Rifle Regiment of the 108th Motor Rifle Division, based in Kabul. There are three main ridges in Afghanistan, the main one is believed to have been started from China, running towards the southwest, similar to the Hindu Kush, which is around 21,000ft high (6,400m). Similar to Afghanistan’s tumultuous history, Afghan kite flying involves mid-air duels between rivals. [8], The final operation of 1980 began on December 12. One of Massoud's subcommanders was killed and the surrounding villages suffered heavily from indiscriminate bombing by Soviet aircraft, but the siege continued. View The kite runner.docx from HUMA 1780 at York University. While motorized rifle battalions, preceded by reconnaissance units, attacked the dominating features at the entrance of the valley, airborne units were airlifted by helicopter behind the main Mujahideen defenses. Learn How to Order Essay Online. By clicking “Proceed”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. It is signifigant because a kite is what makes him smile. Khyber Pass – One of the famous landmarks of Afghanistan is the Khyber Pass, which extends from Kabul (Afghanistan) to Peshawar (Pakistan). As Amir travels through Afghanistan, the author uses this as an opportunity to tell the reader about various landmarks that are prominent in the country, the different cities, and other relevant information related to the topography of Afghanistan. Regional geography of any setting that is used in a novel is one of the most important factors that author must conduct research about. [12], The main assault began on the night of May 16, after an intense aviation and artillery bombardment. For this reason they decided to launch a sixth offensive. For instance, at lower levels of altitude, rainfall reaches to about 7 inches, and for Kabul specifically, it approximately reaches 13 inches. These expectations were primarily based on gaining an idea of how much research is necessary in the creation of a novel, and how the author uses the information to describe the setting of the story. Sources . Fall term Essay assignment Analysis of a story through different mediums “The Kite Runner” Avin Moayeri 216442675 A story can be told (3) This part of the country is gifted with tall snow covered peaks with sharp gorges and desolate slopes. (Behnke, 15) As the country developed, the city of Kabul became the largest urban center in Afghanistan. Central Asia Afghanistan Places To Travel Places Ive Been Rio Culture Adventure Landscape World. It involved three Soviet battalions, of which one was the fourth battalion of the 56th Guards Air Assault Brigade led by Captain Leonid Khabarov, and 1000 men of the Afghan army and security forces. There are numerous occasions in the novel, which describe the natural as well as the human elements of the different regions of Afghanistan. [2] It was these kinds of tactics that caused so much destruction in the civilian populations in these regions. Dismounted Soviet and DRA troops engaged the Mujahideen on the heights around the town in an effort to break the siege. Heavy snowfall is recorded at altitudes of 5000 feet caused by the occasional blizzards from the northwest region of the country. From then on the Soviets were mostly concerned with avoiding losses in the Panjshir sector, and they observed a tacit ceasefire: unprovoked shooting by Soviet troops was forbidden, and the Mujahideen refrained from attacking Soviet bases. These battles saw some of the most violent fighting of the whole war. In all, 4,200 troops were airlifted into the valley to capture strategic points, right up to the Pakistani border, in an effort to cut the Mujahideen supply lines. The group escorting the captured Afghan officers was caught in the open by Soviet helicopters, and in the ensuing fight most of the prisoners were killed, with both sides projecting on each other the responsibility for the incident. The Panjshir Valley lies 70 km north of Kabul, in the Hindu Kush mountains close to the Salang Pass, which connects Kabul to the northern areas of Afghanistan and further on to Uzbekistan, then part of the Soviet Union. This bike is powered by 110 engine which generates Maximum power 4.8 Kw @ 7500 rpm and its maximum torque is 7 N.m @ 5500 rpm. Ontdek (en bewaar!) 2-okt-2015 - Deze pin is ontdekt door Daisy Carter. This also contributes to the reader’s understanding of the kind of impact the civil war had on the cities and the lifestyle of the people that lived in those cities. Spring and autumn however are known for their clear days and cool nights. Babrak Karmal completed a propaganda visit to the Panjshir, which for some time had become a safe zone. The Panjshir Valley (also spelled Panjsheer or Panjsher; Persian: درهٔ پنجشير ‎ – Dare-ye Panjšēr; literally Valley of the Five Lions) is a valley in north-central Afghanistan, 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Kabul, near the Hindu Kush mountain range. The rebels deliberately let the Soviet/DRA force into the valley and ambushed them as they withdrew. In order to deceive the Mujahideen a diversionary attack up the Ghorband valley was planned. By 1982 Massoud had built up his forces to 3,000 men, and other Mujahideen from neighbouring areas could come to his aid [11] The approaches to the valley were strengthened with defensive positions established on dominant heights and near narrow passages. The Valley is known for its overwhelming scenery and “is located about 60 miles from Kabul and stretches for 62 miles to the Anjoyman Pass.” (South Asia Tourism Society) The Valley is now somewhat damaged due to the civil war between the Soviets and the Taliban. The forts and outposts along the Panjshir Valley were unable to protect roads and convoys as well as they had hoped and these installations proved attractive targets for the Mujahideen to harass. However, as a rule attrition among the Mujahideen was low,[14] and the brunt of the attacks fell on the civilian population, who suffered heavily, many of them preferring to flee the valley. The weather is more extreme on the high altitudes compared to the lower landscape of the country. For his actions, Aushev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.[5]. Even today, Kabul is known as the main transportation hub for export products. For example, Jalalabad is described in the story due to its use by the refugees who escaped Afghanistan because of the civil war. The beleaguered paratroopers were saved only by the arrival of a motorised rifle battalion led by Major Aushev, who forced his way through the Mujahideen defenses, consisting of well-located strong points, and captured Rukha. Khyber Pass’ terrain is known as steep and narrow “at 1020 metres elevation, where the Khyber River (Khyber Khwar) leaves the pass to the south.” (South Asia Tourism Society) Due to the Afghan civil war, Refugees used Khyber Pass as their escape route into Pakistan. AFP, "Afghan Hero Massoud's Assassination a Prelude to 9/11" Clark, Kate. He attended elementary school in 1951, the Army School in 1957, and subsequently travelled to the Soviet Union for further education. As a result a new offensive was planned, which, in Karmal's words, should be decisive and merciless, and in order to destroy the Panjshir valley bases, all those living there should be killed. [9], By this time, Massoud had mustered enough men to openly resist the Soviet assault. Khabarov was injured in the fighting, taking a bullet to the forearm. Kabul – Located around the banks of Kabul River, the city was known as “the main stop for the trade caravans that streamed through the region from China” in the old times. 01/06/2009. [5], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}35°16′00″N 69°28′00″E / 35.2667°N 69.4667°E / 35.2667; 69.4667, Panjshir VII – April 19 to September 1984, 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, "Soviets leveling Afghanistan's Panjshir valley", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panjshir_offensives&oldid=971608787, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Soviet withdrawal; Mujahideen reoccupation of Panjshir Valley, This page was last edited on 7 August 2020, at 05:12. [13] However, most of the rebels had escaped capture, and this was not the decisive victory the Soviets had been hoping for. Quotes in The Kite Runner Quote #1 “Because the past claws its way out. This tactic had some success as in order to rebuild his organization Massoud was forced to sign a cease fire treaty in January 1983 that would last for one year. Several battalion strength forces were placed at key passes leading out of the Panjshir Valley while at the same time large helicopter troop landings were made in tributary valleys connected to the Panjshir. [4], The first Soviet operation in Panjshir took place in April 1980, just four months after the arrival of Soviet forces in Afghanistan. The advance proceeded up the valley, capturing Bazarak after a fight and overrunning Massoud's headquarters in Pasishah-Mardan where various documents were found. In a series of surprise attacks, several government outposts fell to the rebels. I ran” ― Khaled Hosseini tags: the-kite-runner. features compare. [28], In 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev announced his intention of withdrawing the Soviet contingent from Afghanistan. The Salang Pass became a dangerous area, and Soviet truck drivers were even awarded decorations for having successfully crossed it. Chapter One. The Khyber Pass is a significant link between the two countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan. About half-way between West Egg and New York the motor road hastily joins the railroad and runs beside it for a quarter of a mile, so as to shrink away from a certain desolate area of land. We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related emails. Runner Kite+ is Assemble/Made in Bangladesh. 10. More peacefully, he took control of the Khost-Fereng sector, and some areas in southern Takhar Province, while establishing contacts with other guerrilla groups in Baghlan Province, and persuading them to adopt his military organisation. This importance is shown in The Kite Runner when the author states that “the Khyber Pass was as famous for its terrain as for the bandits wh… Yousaf and Adkin reported in 1992 that the Soviet forces involved included the 180th Motor Rifle Regiment, battalions of the 66th Motor Rifle Brigade and 191st Motor Rifle Regiment, a regiment of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, a battalion of the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment, accompanied by Afghan forces including the 8th Division, the 20th Division, and the 37th Commando Brigade. As the story unfolds, the author uses a variety of things to describe the regions of Afghanistan. In The Kite Runner, the reader can see that the author has worked hard not only to give quantitative facts about the geography of Afghanistan, but also the qualitative features of the subtopics that this report has explored. However, some Soviets, who were supporters of Andropov, disagreed with this policy, and they gave Massoud advance warning of the attack. [21] Only ambush parties were left to delay the Soviet advance. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 76) It is also important to note that the greater of precipitation falls between December and April (i.e. How has the author used the information on different cities of Afghanistan? On November 8, a convoy of government trucks escorted by Soviet armoured vehicles reached the besieged post. Kite Runner Viewings and Assignment #1 posted Nov 28, 2010, 2:04 PM by Erika Bowen ... Sunni Hazaras living near the Panjshir Valley, Pashtu-speaking Shias in Kandahar, Dari-speaking Pashtuns in Kabul, and Pashtu-speaking Tajiks in Wardak. Afghanistan is a country “walled” by mountains to each side. Get an answer for 'In chapter 25 of "The Kite Runner", I need to know the importance of this passage on page 391: "I ran. And that is theft. This was presented as the real attack to the Afghan Army staff, which included Mujahideen sympathizers, and who then leaked the plan to the resistance. Like “There is only one sin, only one. This is evident when Amir describes, “I find…the rooftops, and the hills buried under a foot of snow.” (Hosseini, 61) The Rainfall is contingent on the country’s altitude. The Hindu Kush extends from the middle of Afghanistan over to Tajikistan. By the early years of the 21st century, the city’s population was approximately two million. It was accompanied by a heavy aerial bombardment of villages suspected of harbouring rebel groups, notably carried out by Tu-16 bombers flying from inside the Soviet Union. [7][8], Despite the operation, rebel pressure on Rokha including the use of captured artillery pieces did not let up. All rights reserved. [3] The bottom line though was that these victories were temporary. Also, their heavily fortified bases only gave them control over the valley floor, while the surrounding heights were still held by the Mujahideen. In February 1984, Konstantin Chernenko replaced Yuri Andropov as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. This becomes apparent when Amir describes his view of a “cluster of mud houses, beyond them nothing but broad sky and mountains like jagged teeth.” (Hosseini, 263). Using strings coated in glass, kites fly high trying to cut each other. Geographically, the Panjshir Valley couldn't be more different from Chaghcharan. POSTPONED. In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini demonstrates his research of Afghanistan’s geography as he describes the different landmarks, cities, terrain, and the annual climate of Kabul through Amir’s perspective. Saved by Anne Martin. These battles saw some of the most violent fighting of the whole war. Has the author accurately portrayed the climate of the country in different seasons, with particular focus on the climate of Kabul? A single moment in time defined him and has been affecting him for the last twenty-six years. All these preparations were carried out in secret, and a token activity was maintained near the Soviet base at Anava, to deceive the Soviets into believing that a conventional defense was being prepared. The Panjshir offensives (Russian: Панджшерские операции – Panjsher Operations) were a series of battles between the Soviet Army and groups of Afghan Mujahideen under Ahmad Shah Massoud for the control of the strategic Panjshir Valley, during the Soviet–Afghan War in the period from 1980 to 1985. The name Panjshir, literally meaning "Five Lions", refers to five Wali (literally, protectors), highly spiritual brothers who were centered in the valley. The Panjshir offensives (Russian: Панджшерские операции – Panjsher Operations) were a series of battles between the Soviet Army and groups of Afghan Mujahideen under Ahmad Shah Massoud for the control of the strategic Panjshir Valley, during the Soviet–Afghan War in the period from 1980 to 1985.. While researching, certain probing questions were also gathered. "Profile: The Lion of Panjshir," BBC News online. The plan for the operation was prepared in secret by a small number of 40th Army officers. Since the central highlands are clearly visible from the city of Kabul, it is essential for the author to precisely indicate how they look from such a distance. However, this figure was debatable “because of the large numbers of returning refugees after the fall of the Taliban government in 2001.” (Behnke, 15) The older portion of the city still contains houses with walls made of mud bricks and metal roofs. I started my primary school in Mirman-Khajo, which was located in Old City (Shar-e-Kona) of Kabul.In 1988, we migrated to Peshawar Pakistan, Khurasan Camp. Panjshir in the Mirror of Civilization (32) My name is Sayed Hussain Yousafi, from Mata, Khinch, and Panjshir Province, Afghanistan.I was born in 25-10-1977.We migrated to Kabul I do not know the exact year. [16] The government post at Birjaman fell soon after, and the Mujahideen were able to recapture some areas in this way. Airborne Troops carried out search and destroy missions, encircling Massoud's mobile units and destroying some of them. It included for the first time a heliborne landing by air assault troops. On April 22, after a two-day bombardment of the region by Tu-16, Tu-22M and Su-24 bombers,[22] they advanced rapidly into the Panjshir. Hollowed-out caves were used as supply depots and shelters. What one can learn from this report is the significance of accurately connecting the research to the plot, themes, and the characters of the novel. Soviet offensives into the Panjshir Valley had three main tactical features. Copyright © 2021 CustomWritings. Panjshir in the Mirror of Civilization (Part 35) General Deen Mohammad Jurat is an ethnic Tajik from Panjshir educated person who was born in Rokha District Panjshir Province.General Deen Mohammad Jurat was a top commander of Ahmad Shah Massoud anti … During one battle, on April 30 in the Hazara Valley, the 1st Battalion of the 682nd Motor Rifle Regiment was decimated: the losses of Soviet troops were estimated at 60 killed. Negotiated by Massoud in person with a colonel of the GRU, Anatoly Tkachev,[5] the agreement stipulated that Soviet troops should evacuate the Panjshir, except for a small garrison at Anava, whose access was controlled by the Mujahideen. A grown man running with a swarm of screaming children. Afghanistan Geography Mountains Country Nature Travel Naturaleza Rural Area Destinations. Abdul Hamid Muhtat, son of Mohamad Akram was born in Bazarak district of Panjshir Province in 1944. All the roads, villages and helicopter landing zones were heavily mined. The area covered by the ceasefire included the Panjshir valley, but not the Salang pass, where fighting continued.[17]. 30 likes. These operations, along with the continued harassment of Soviet garrisons and resupply convoys, proved that the Mujahideen were far from defeated, and convinced the Soviets that they must negotiate a truce with Massoud. Compare Zontes ZT155-U1 and Freedom Runner Kite specs, colors, reviews and ratings. The Panjshir Valley (also spelled Panjsheer or Panjsher; Persian: درهٔ پنجشير ‎ – Dare-ye Panjšēr; literally Valley of the Five Lions) is a valley in north-central Afghanistan, 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Kabul, near the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kite fighting is a key cultural element of The Kite Runner that temporarily yet drastically improves the relationship between Amir and his father, Baba. During the 5th and 6th offensives the Soviets suffered up to 3,000 casualties, and 1,000 Afghan Army soldiers defected to the Mujahideen.[15]. [18] He also ordered the strengthening of defenses in five subsidiary valleys as well as in the Panjshir, permitting a defense in depth, and withdrew his headquarters to Shira Mandara, in Takhar province, in anticipation of a renewed assault. He completed his Master’s Degree in the Military Academy of Kiev in the field of military command and radio-telecommunication engineering. Hosseini includes this as the last passage because it shows that Amir was finally able to connect to Sohrab through something they both had in common: kites and Hassan. The purpose of this report is to help the reader gain a better understanding of the different regions of the country, particularly the various landmarks, cities, terrain, and the climate, and demonstrate how the author has blended this information with the plot to maintain the overall integrity of the story. The climate in Afghanistan has been said to be very unstable. The first major offensive was carried out by a force of 12,000 Afghan and Soviet soldiers under the command of General Norat Ter-Grigoryants with 320 armoured vehicles, 155 artillery pieces, and supported by 104 helicopters and 26 airplanes. This importance is shown in The Kite Runner when the author states that “the Khyber Pass was as famous for its terrain as for the bandits who used that terrain to rob travelers” (Hosseini, 301). The Mujahideen admitted to 25 killed in their own ranks but claimed to have inflicted 500 casualties on their opponents and shot down several helicopters. [26] The prisoners had been marched into the mountains, where the Mujahideen claimed they were killed by a Soviet aerial bombardment, a claim others dubbed suspicious. This tactic proved costly, and the attack force penetrated only 25 km into the valley before retiring, after having suffered 100 casualties.[10]. Most of the Mujahideen had survived the attack and Massoud divided them into small, mobile groups that fought the Soviets all down the valley. (4) In The Kite Runner, Hosseini mentions some crucial details about the Hindu Kush. For example, “at lower altitudes, the winter is pleasant but the heat in summer is intense.” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 75) There is almost no rain from June to October due to the existence of high mountains to the south. Later in the story, when Afghanistan is attacked by the Russian forces, Amir is forced to migrate to Pakistan. We see Hosseini taking this fact into account as well when he mentions that “they had fought in the Panjshir Valley for two years…” (Hosseini, 294). Amir’s words implicitly demonstrate one of the major themes of the novel, The Kiter Runner. UN Photo/H… Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runnerderives its name from an ancient Afghan hobby of dueling with kites. This particular fact is clearly shown in The Kite Runner when Amir says that “in Kabul, it rarely rained in the summer.” (Hosseini, 138) The lower parts of the country are especially the victims of warm, desert-like environment. Saved by Amanda Carlucci. Despite provocations ordered by Najibullah's government to draw the Soviets into further fighting, the situation generally remained calm, enabling Massoud to carry out his "strategic offensive", capturing much of Baghlan and Takhar provinces. The novel, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, depicts the regional geography of Afghanistan in great detail. In addition, the accurate description of the Panjshir Valley also helps the reader understand the impact of the civil war on the regional geography of Afghanistan. In January 1983, for the first time a ceasefire was concluded between the Soviets and the Mujahideen, lasting 6 months, and later extended. [5], The Mujahideen numbered only 1,000 according to Soviet intelligence or no more than 200 according to Afghan sources. Click Here to find Runner motorcycle showroom near you. During the nine campaigns launched, coordinated Soviet assaults would regularly drive out the Mujahideen from the valley but they would return as soon as the Soviets left. The 9th offensive was carried out in reprisal for the destruction of the DRA garrison at Peshgur, during which Massoud's mobile groups took 500 prisoners including 126 officers and killed a brigadier of the Afghan Army. When Amir and Baba, both were being transported to Peshawar due to Soviet invasion, the author demonstrates the fact that Jalalabad is a city that refugees most likely encounter when escaping to Peshawar through the Khyber Pass. During this offensive, the Soviets managed to occupy a large part of the Panjshir and scored some successes against Massoud's organization, such as the capture of a list of the names of 600 of his agents in Kabul. Some consider Kabul to be still “in rubble” as it was a victim of 2 decades of conflict between the Taliban and the Soviet Union. Jalalabad – The city of Jalalabad is where major trade transactions take place and is situated near the famous landmark, the Khyber Pass. The 8th offensive was a follow-up to the 7th, involving mostly airborne forces. They were the targets for Massoud's counterattacks. Before conducting the research, there were certain expectations and goals that were set. [24], For the Soviets, the operation was partly successful – some of the infrastructure of the Mujahideen, created in the time of the truce in 1982–1983, was destroyed. One thing I really liked about the book was how the author used a lot of literary devices which made the reading experience more fun and these devices allowed me as a reader to better understand and connect with the characters and the plot. [20] Through this channel, and thanks to his agents in the DRA government, Massoud had a precise idea of the Soviet plans, and he was able to counter them. The following quote represents this demonstration: “He was taking us to Jalalabad about 170 kilometers southeast of Kabul…to drive us across the Khyber Pass and into Peshawar” (Hosseini, 142).
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