They have rain during the southwest monsoon and constitutes the lowland rain forests up to an elevation about 900 meters. The strong seasonality in rainfall has prompted these forests to be referred to as monsoonal forests.Topographically, the ecoregion is flat, except for scattered inselbergs. The island has also been divided into three climatic zones based on rainfall, the wet, which covers 65% of the country, intermediate covering 12% and the dry zone covers 23%.The climate is the main factor that determines the distribution and type of forests. The evergreen dry forests have no canopy formation and trees seldom exceed 20m in height. These forests are the characteristic vegetation of the dry zone. The evergreen dry forests have no canopy formation and trees seldom exceed 20m in height.

This special forest formation which is anthropogenic in origin is here described as a new forest vegetation type in Sri Lanka and named Dry Canal-associated Evergreen Forest (DCEF) which closely resembles a river forest (Dry Riverine Evergreen Forest (DREF)), which in contrast is a natural vegetation formation. The interior of these forests are dark and dense. Till 1944 all forest and wildlife conservation came under the purview of the Forest Department.

Inselbergs are rocky outcrops in a flat landscape. Herbs like Goniva (Acrotrema) Sandaraja (Anoectochilus setaceus), Lianas sucha as Calamus – Rattan palms, Entada pusaetha – Pus wel (Entada pusaetha), Coscinium – veniwel contribute to the variety of the forest.The vertebrate animals of Sinharaja consists of about 50% of native inland animals of which 30% are endemic.


All rainforests such as Sinharaja are famous for the colurful array of bird life. Rich mangrove forests exist in the Puttlam and Kalpitiya areas, and Portugal and Dutch bays. They also indicate that the remaining forests are mostly dry monsoon forests, sparse forests and fragments of tropical rain forests. Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests Last updated February 23, 2019. While the tall (1.5 m) tussock grass A mangrove is a swampy area found in the costal areas and at river mouths. At higher elevations they change to montane rain forests. Dry mixed evergreens receive about 1,500-2,000 mm of annual rainfall in December to March northeast monsoon period but are mostly dry during the rest of the year. Deciduous is where the leaves fall off periodically and grow again. Lunumidella (Melia duba), Pihimbiya ( Filicium decipiens) and Hulanhik (Chukrasia)are some of these tree species.These forests cover the extreme Southeastern and Northwestern regions of the country, which have very long dry periods. At higher elevations they change to montane rain forests. New species of frogs, lizards, fish and crabs are still being discovered here. More than 60% of the 306 tree species that are endemic to Sri Lanka are found only in the lowland rainforests and some more are shared with montane and dry zone forests. The dry-zone dry evergreen forests most closely resemble the The dry-zone dry evergreen forests are home to most of the Sri Lanka's 6000 Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. Of the twelve endemic genera of flora of the island, eleven are confined to rainforests. The forests have been categorized broadly as tropical wet lowland evergreen forests (at elevations between 0-1000 m); wet sub-montane forests (at elevations between 1000-1500 m in the wet zone); wet montane forests (at elevations of 1500-2500m); tropical dry mixed evergreen forests in the dry lowlands, with riverine vegetation along river banks; tropical moist evergreen forest in the intermediate zone; thorny scrub in the arid areas; and mangrove swamps in the coastal areas, fringing the lagoons and at the river mouths. (2017). Little accumulation of Organic matter can be observed in the soil. The diversity comes as a result of the wide variations in rainfall, altitude and soil within the country. Acacia thorn scrub grows in disturbed areas.

Invasive species increase their populations drastically at the expense of the existing flora. Pidurutalagala is the highest peak on the island measuring 2524 m and this is still below the timberline for these forests, and there is no upper conifer zone. 2019-05-16. by Hiran Amarasekera in . Stilt and prop roots for support, pneumatopores, which are roots for breathing air and which stick out of the water to take in air, salt and to relieve excess salt are such adaptations. Evergreen forests represent the tropical dry forests covering a major part of the dry zone adding up to 16.8% of the land area except for the southwestern quarter, the central mountain range, and the Jaffna Peninsula in the extreme north. The dry-zone dry evergreen forests most closely resemble the East Deccan dry evergreen forests of India's southeast coast. The diverse vegetation of Sinharaja provides habitats to a wide array of fauna. Poles, firewood, twigs for brush piles etc. Most rain falls during the December-to-March The Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests are made up mostly of evergreen trees, which distinguish them from the deciduous trees that characterize most other tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions. These forests have a relatively sparse undergrowth but are rich in epiphytes and lianas.


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